Prepare the noodles. Bring a pot of water to a boil and cook your egg noodles, intentionally undercooking them by 1 to 2 minutes based on the package instructions. Leaving them undercooked ensures they maintain a firm, chewy texture and won’t turn mushy later when they absorb the sauce in the pan. Drain the noodles and set them aside.
Sauté the chicken and aromatics. Heat 1 tablespoon of sesame oil in a large pan or wok over medium-high heat. Toss in the minced garlic and sliced onion, sautéing for about 1 minute until fragrant to flavor the cooking oil. Add the chicken and season with black pepper, cooking for about 4 to 5 minutes until the chicken is cooked through.
Build the black bean base. Reduce the heat slightly to low to keep the ingredients from scorching. Add 100 grams of fermented black beans directly into the pan with the chicken, stirring them into the mixture to distribute that deep, savory base flavor.
Cook the fermented pastes. Keep the heat low and add 1 tablespoon of miso paste and 1 tablespoon of doubanjiang, along with 1 ½ tablespoons of oyster sauce and 1 teaspoon of sugar. Stir constantly for about 1 minute. Cooking these dense pastes and seasonings directly in the warm oil activates and deepens their complex umami flavors while coating the chicken completely.
Stir-fry the firm vegetables. Turn the heat back up to medium-high to keep your vegetables crisp. Add the julienned carrots and sliced bell pepper. Stir-fry for exactly 2 minutes so they absorb the paste while keeping their color.
Simmer the sauce base. Pour in 1 cup of water and stir thoroughly to dissolve the thick pastes, bringing the pan to a quick simmer.
Wilt the cabbage. Toss in the shredded cabbage next. Stir it into the simmering liquid for just 1 minute until it just begins to wilt, allowing it to soften slightly while soaking up the sauce.
Toss and finish the noodles. Drop your cooked egg noodles directly into the simmering pan. Toss vigorously for 1 to 2 minutes, allowing the undercooked noodles to finish cooking perfectly and completely absorb the concentrated sauce.
Garnish and serve. Turn off the heat entirely and transfer the glossed noodles to a serving plate. Finish the dish by drizzling with extra sesame oil for a fresh hit of aroma, squeezing fresh lime over the top to cut through the rich depth of the sauce, and garnishing generously with chopped green onions and sesame seeds.